Background: Optimization of the corrective osteotomy for treating distal radius extra-articular malunion is an ongoing project. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the outcome of corrective osteotomy with K-wire fixation in treating patients with symptomatic distal radius extra-articular malunion. Methods: Twenty-three patients with symptomatic extra-articular malunion of the distal radius, with a Mean±, SD age of 38. 3±, 7. 6 years, and a Mean±, SD follow-up of 34. 4±, 11. 3 months were enrolled in this study. Corrective osteotomy was performed through a dorsal approach and using K-wire instead of the plate for the fixation of the osteotomy site. The outcome was assessed with radiographic measurements of ulnar variance, radial tilt, radial inclination angle, radial height, and clinical assessment of wrist range of motion, the short form of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick-DASH), and the Modified Mayo Wrist Score (MMWS). Results: Radiographic measurements and wrist range of motion in all directions were significantly improved at the last follow-up. The Mean±, SD final Quick-DASH score of the patients was 16. 3±, 8. The Mean±, SD final MMWS was 92. 2±, 13. 5. According to the MMWS, 9 patients (39. 1%) had an excellent function, 13 (56. 5%) had a good function, and one (4. 4%) had a fair function. Radiographic union was observed in all wrists within an Mean±, SD period of 10. 2±, 4 weeks. No postoperative complication was recorded. Conclusion: Since K-wire fixation is less expensive, requires a smaller incision, and provides acceptable radiologic and clinical outcomes, it could be a good alternative for plate fixation in corrective osteotomy for distal radius extra-articular malunion.

Although addition of amendment materials to soil is not for changing of soil K status, secondary effects of these materials can be important in K distribution among soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable forms. In this research, effect of addition of 2% zeolite, 2% vermicompost and 1% zeolite+ 1% vermicompost on 10 calcareous soils of Fars province belonging to five orders was investigated. The experiments were done as a randomized complete block with three replicates. Samples were incubated at 22±2oC and 50% of saturated moisture content for 90 days. Then different forms of K were determined in the samples. Zeolite application induced 279 mg kg-1 increase in exchangeable K and 24 mg kg-1 decrease in non-exchangeable K, but it had not a significant effect on soluble K. Although vermicompost application increased soluble and exchangeable K, its effect was more sensible for soluble K (139 mg kg-1). Zeolite+vermicompost application increased all forms of K. Increase in soluble K with vermicompost application may increase risk of K leaching; but zeolite application can preserve K in exchangeable phase and inhibit K leaching and fixation.

Addition of plant species residues to soils can add high amounts of potassium (K) as well as carbon sequestration. In the current investigation, residues of three plant species including Ziziphus spina Christi L., Phragmites australis and Atriplex halimus L. were collected from Darab plain and converted to biochars at 500 ° C for 3 h under oxygen-limited condition. The soil used in the study was collected from a field in Darab at depth of 0-30 cm. Experiment was done using a completely randomized design with 7 treatments (plant residues, their biochars and control) and 3 replicates. Three percent of plant residues or biochars was added to the soil. Soil samples were incubated for 2 months at FC moisture and 22 ° C temperature condition. Then, pH, EC, CEC and the contents of soluble, exchangeable, and non-exchangeable K of soil samples were determined. Results indicated that application of Ziziphus spina Christi biochar, Atriplex halimus leaves and Atriplex halimus biochar significantly increased soil pH. All residues and biochars increased EC from 0. 43 (Ziziphus spina Christi biochar) to 3. 57 dS m-1 (Atriplex halimus biochar). Biochars had more effect on soil EC than residues. Biochars had no effect on CEC, but Ziziphus spina Christi L. and Phragmites australis increased it significantly. Application of residues and biochars significantly increased soluble (144-937 mg kg-1), exchangeable (354-1430 mg kg-1), non-exchangeable (379-607 mg kg-1) and HNO3-extractable K (1030-2918 mg kg-1) and biochars had more effect than residues. Generally, Atriplex halimus leaves were more effective than Ziziphus spina Christi and Phragmites australis residues on soil properties and K forms contents. Residues and biochars application concentrated K in the exchangeable form (34-49 %). For application of these compounds, especially in the case of Atriplex halimus L., their effects on soil salinity and pH should be considered.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes of perilunate dislocations (PLDs) and transscaphoid perilunate fracture dislocations (TSPLDs) treated with operative volar approach without ligament repair or reconstruction. Methods: A total of seven patients (10 hands) were studied during 2017-2018. We fixed scaphoid fractures thorough a volar approach and 3 k-wires were inserted to stabilize the scaphoid to the adjacent bones. We evaluated patients’ range of motion by VAS and grip strength, sensitivity assessment, and radiographs. Mayo and DASH scores were also recorded for wrist evaluation. Results: All fractures united well. The mean Mayo wrist score was 81. 5. Five patients scored good and excellent results (90-100). Excellent DASH scores (˂ 20) were observed in 4 patients and there was no poor DASH score (˃ 50). Conclusion: Treatment of PLDs and TSPLDs with k-wire and screw fixation using a volar approach and without any ligament repair or reconstruction results in minimal manipulation and has favorable short-term outcomes.

Vermicompost, as a nutrient-rich organic amendment, contains most nutrients in plant-available forms and can influence soil fertility and plant growth significantly. The objective of this study was to investigate the availability and release rate of potassium (K) in six vineyard topsoil (0-30 cm) with different textures (loam, clay loam, and sandy clay loam) treated with 2 % of cattle manure vermicompost (VC), through successive extractions with 0. 01 mol L-1 CaCl2 over periods of 0. 25-72 hours. The results showed that VC addition to soils increased the K availability. The average cumulative K released after 72 h from the control and treated soils was 526. 9 and 547. 9 mg kg− 1, respectively. Due to the conformity of data to the Simple Elovich Equation, it was suggested that K release from soils was affected by diffusion processes. Simple Elovich rate constant values in soils ranged from 34. 9 to 132. 1 mg kg− 1h-1. The VC had different effects on K release rate in soils. In clay loam soils with high clay content, low organic matter and K fixation capacity, VC increased K release rate, while in loam and sandy clay loam soils with low clay, high organic matter, and low K fixation capacity, it decreased K release rate. Overall, VC had a balancing effect on K release rate. It could be related to VC interaction with soil particles, especially clays. Due to the importance of K in grape nutrition and K deficiency in some soils, the use of VC in vineyards is recommended.

fixation of potassium in the main rice cultivated areas of North of Iran was investigated through collecting composite soil samples (0-30 cm depth) from 67 randomly selected paddy fields (one sample per field) scattered all across Guilan (33 fields) and Mazandran (34 fields) provinces. Twenty grams of air dried soil was transferred into a polyethylene tube (34-45 cm long x I cm diameter),then a known quantity of K as KCI solution and enough distilled water added to the tube until the depth of water above soil surface reached 5 cm. The tubes were incubated under this condition for 30 days, and then the amount of K fixation measured. The amounts of K fixation were between 4.9 and 65.1 percent, with a mean value of 27.4%. Potassium fixation in Guilan province was of a wider range (4.9-65.1%) than that in Mazandaran province (14.2-49.2%), however, the mean values (28% vs 27%, respectively) for the two provinces were not significantly different. It was estimated that, out of 470.000 ha of rice cultivated areas in North, about 98000 ha had a high (more than 40%), 218000 ha had a medium (between 20 to 40 %), and the remaining 154000 ha were of a low (less than 20%) potential for K fixation. The significantly high potential for K fixation of these soils is a result a gradual K depletion due to the disturbed input-output K balance in these soils. The amount of K fixation was significantly (5% level) correlated with coarse clay, silt+clay, total clay and CEC (r = 0.7), but it was poorly correlated with fine clay and silt content of the soils. In addition, it was revealed that in 54% of the soils, the ammonium acetate extractable K, which was assessed under wet conditions of 30 days after submergence, was below the critical level of 115 mg kg-1. as for rice. The low available K plus a high fixation rate prevailing in these soils, can cause serious nutritional problems for rice in these soils.

Base on the non-relativistic Faddeev AGS method, three-body calculations of the coupled and quasi-bound KKN-π KΣ system are performed in the momentum space. Different phenomenological models of KN-π Σ potentials with one and two-pole structures of KN-π Σ resonance are used to study the dependence of double-kaonic system binding energy on the coupled KN-π Σ interaction. Also, the effect of the KK repulsive interaction is investigated in this system. The results of this work show that the binding energy of KKN-π KΣ quasi-bound state is 61-110MeV and the width is about.